The Origin of Racism (1415)
Video: “The Origin of Race in the USA” (PBS, 5 min)
Article:“Race: The Power of an Illusion” (California Newsreel)
Book: “How to Be a (Young) Antiracist” by Ibram X. Kendi & Nic Stone
Interactive site: Smithsonian – Talking About Race

The Doctrine of Discovery (1452)
Short video: “The Doctrine of Discovery Explained”
(National Museum of the American Indian, 3 min)
Primary Source: Excerpts from Dum Diversas (1452) and Inter Caetera (1493)
Website: Doctrine of Discovery Project – Indigenous Values Initiative
Book: “Unsettling Truths” by Mark Charles & Soong-Chan Rah

Columbus and the Spanish Invasion (1492)
Short film: “Reconsider Columbus Day” (5 min, Native Perspectives)
Map: “1492 Columbus Voyage Route” (Library of Congress)
Primary Source: Excerpts from Columbus’s journal (1492)
Book: “An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States for Young People” by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz

The Great Dying (1492-1610)
Article: “The Great Dying: How Disease Changed the Americas” (BBC Earth)
Map: Population decline after 1492 (National Geographic)
Video: “What Was the Great Dying?” (PBS Origins of Everything, 6 min)
Book: “1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus” by Charles C. Mann

The Transatlantic Slave Trade (1502-1860)
Interactive map: “The Transatlantic Slave Trade Database” (slavevoyages.org)
Video: “The Middle Passage” (Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture, 4 min)
Website: https://eji.org/report/transatlantic-slave- trade/origins
Primary Source: “Olaudah Equiano’s The Interesting Narrative” (1789)
Book: “Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You” by Jason Reynolds & Ibram X. Kendi

Mercantilism and Colonialism (1503-1860)
Video: “Mercantilism Explained” (Khan Academy, 8 min)
Map: “The Triangular Trade system” (Library of Congress)
Primary Source: “Excerpts from Thomas Mun’s England’s Treasure” by Forraign Trade (1664)
Book: “A People’s History for the Classroom” by Bill Bigelow & Bob Peterson (lesson: “Who Profited from Mercantilism?”)
Article: “Mercantilism and Colonial Expansion” (BBC Bitesize)

Enriquillo’s Revolt (1519-1533)
Video: “Enriquillo: The First Guerrilla Fighter of the Americas” (History of the Caribbean, 8 min)
Primary Source: The Treaty of Barreras (1533)
Article: “Enriquillo: Guardian of the Baoruco” (Black History Month Magazine / Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian)
Map: “Hispaniola in the 16TH Century: Taíno Caciquedoms and the Baoruco Mountain Strongholds” (Library of Congress Digital Collections)
Book: Enriquillo by Manuel de Jesús Galván

The Triangular Trade (1571)
Interactive map: “The Columbian Exchange” (Khan Academy)
Video: “Crash Course World History: The Columbian Exchange”
Book: “Seeds of Change: Six Plants That Transformed Mankind” by Henry Hobhouse
Primary Source: “16TH-century Spanish trade maps”(Archivo General de Indias, Seville)

Company States (1600-1874)
Video: “The East India Company Explained” (BBC Teach, 6 min)
Primary Source: “Charter of the British East India Company” (1600)
Article: “How the Dutch East India Company Changed Global Trade” (National Geographic Kids)
Map: “Global trading routes of the VOC” (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam)
Book: “The Anarchy” by William Dalrymple (adapted excerpts for classrooms available online)

“Society” vs. “Nature” (1641)
Video: “Descartes and the Split Between Mindand Nature” (Crash Course Philosophy, 10 min)
Reading: “Braiding Sweetgrass” by Robin Wall Kimmerer (chapter excerpts on Indigenous worldview)
Article: “Indigenous Science and Western Thought” (YES! Magazine)
Primary Source: “Discourse on Method” (1637) by René Descartes
Lesson idea: Compare Descartes with Indigenous ecological knowledge